In the process of design and physical planning of a building, building component composition or commonly known as the inside of the ranks of interior design at the end after the implementation of the architecture, civil engineering, mechanical and electrical. However, when someone enters a building that is so, then the figure of the interior design is what most first seen by naked eye and then arouse the impression or image of its own in the minds of the beholder. Contemporary interior design has been transformed into one of the professions within the scope of the process of design and construction of a building.
At the beginning of this description, it would need to be submitted prior restrictions on a designer interior.
Congress of the International Federation of Interior Desainers 1983 in Hamburg set (summary) limits as follows:
Professional interior designer is someone who has a qualification expertise through formal education, experience and skills that are recognized to be able to identify, analyze and creatively solve problems and generate spin-off interior of the building interior (part of) the building, with the aim to contribute to improving the quality of life, protect the health , safety and welfare of the community.
Activities of the interior design profession is always held in the context of architecture. So is popularly said that the profession of interior design is the architectural profession siblings.
Even in other countries, it is called adalahInterior Architecture (United States) and Innen Arkhitektur (Germany).
At this time, quite many colleges in our country, public and private, which organizes educational expertise, especially in Bandung and Jakarta as well as several other big cities in Indonesia.
In this case, including the University Computer Indonesia, which menyelenggarakannya through its Interior Design Department, under the auspices of the Faculty of Design and Arts.
On this occasion, let us look briefly into the past, tracing the historical development of interior design from the past, and then born as an independent profession today.
Before the 20th Century Interior Design profession or Interior Decorating or Home Decoration was not known, although the interior or component parts in an existing building has long become an integral part of the physical environment of everyday human kesidupan.
At that time all over Europe and America that play a role designing the interior of the house is the furniture-makers (cabinet maker or ebeniste), or coated materials furniture traders, traders curtain or even the traders who in the household furniture sales activities as well as providing free advice to customers how to organize the contents and the inside of their homes. The principle offered is limited to decorate not create much less construct. This role is carried out without background training or formal education, and only based on talent plus experience and competence who later achieved in the long term.
Social and economic development of rapid in the early 20th century to encourage the emergence of more of these interior decorators.
Use of this decorator services even though expensive, still growing, especially among the upper levels of society because they reflect a certain status which contains the influence and prestige.
Decorators tend to be consultative role includes the selection of textile materials, flooring materials, wallcoverings, furniture, lamps and accessories room and proposing overall color scheme of the room.
Rarely plays interior decorator specify the structure or construction of buildings and the concept of space, something which was considered to be allotted the task of an architect.
This is why at first the women dominate the profession.
One of the decorator who became a pioneer of the interior design profession in America was Elsie de Wolfe (1865 1950), completing his first work in 1897-8 on his own house his residence in New York which later catapulted him at once because it is considered unique and not follow the pattern or previously customary habits.
Elsie de Wolfe was inspired to bring in more light, air and comfort in the interior of the house garapannya.
In 1905 Stanford White, a prominent architect in New York to provide project work by contract to the Elsie de Wolfe to work on the interiors of buildings in New York Citys Colony Club.
In the history of design, it is noted as the first public building interiors professionally planned. And presumably could also be said that through this event the birth of a new profession, the profession of Interior Design.
It happened 97 years ago!
Intrigued by this development, a group of other professional interior designer and then popping up in America, especially during the year 1920-1930, most of them women.
Nancy McClelland in 1913 to form the first interior planning unit in department stores (department stores) Wanamakers in America. America's first and possibly the world's first.
Eleanor in 1924 inaugurated the McMilland Inc. McMilland. , The first professional interior design firm in history. The Bureau is to survive until the 1990's. Then came also the name of Ruby Ross Wood and Frances Elkins who in his work combines elements of European traditional with elements of Colonial America.
After the pilot by Elsie de Wolfe, a similar development also took place starting in other European countries, especially in Britain, France and then Germany.
In the UK, among others, appears the name of Betty Joel (1896-1985), Syrie Maughm (1879-1955), Lady Sybil Colefax (1875-1950) and John Fowler (1906-1977), in addition to Emilio Terry from Italy, Jean-Michel Frank in France and many others.
The pilot was trying to break away from the rigid pattern of the previous standard in the application of interior components and the selection of antique furniture that usually must follow a strict rule that has been traditionally accepted.
The design concept evolved proceed with the update that started earlier: Custom designs tend to be simple, elegant and use colors that are lighter.
Likewise, the freedom to use new materials that were previously unthinkable unusual and used in the interior of the building: the paint material for chairs, glass materials for walls, carpets and wallcoverings with a more modern style and simplicity.
Then there is also a concept design (idiosyncretic design), combines elements of the present with the past element, the element from the location of one with elements from other locations.
Thus the names of decorators who have been mentioned above, as well as many others, has been pioneering the creation of the interior design profession. But in general they do not have the background training and formal education so that the activities they carry diletante atmosphere.
It was only in 1931 in the United States established the American Institute of Interior Decorators who later transformed into The American Society of Interior Designer. This is the first institution that acts as the accreditation agency and tried to formalize the interior design profession in both the practical approach to his profession as well as on the perpetrators of formal education.
Provisions to be decided beyond the widely followed American countries and adopted by many other countries.
The next development occurred more widely and evenly to all countries in the Americas, Europe and Asia also includes countries that are developing, including Indonesia.
More and more colleges that have courses of Interior Design Study programs in addition to other design fields.
IN INDONESIA
Interior Design Profession is one discipline that provides an important contribution in the physical development in Indonesia. But until the first half of the 20th century. This profession is not known.
During the Dutch colonial period beginning with the entry of VOC to Indonesia up to now become an independent state, the development of this field is a general reflection of what happened in Europe, because it refers to what happens in the Netherlands as its mother country at that time:
Custom interiors of existing buildings not designed by an interior designer but by the architect or seller of furniture and home furnishings. And the interior design exploration concept was initially a direct duplication of the Netherlands, although should also be noted that in the subsequent development of the Dutch concept not present in pure again, because there was a mix with local Indonesian elements that are already there with adequate quality.
A number of leading Dutch architect who worked in Indonesia (Dutch Indies) when it dug the elements of Indonesia's traditional form to apply to the buildings he designed.
After Indonesia became independent countries, efforts to improve the status of an independent Interior Design walk rapidly, especially through education.
In 1957, for the first time higher education courses opened an interior design degree strata by ITB in Bandung and almost at the same time also opened at the Academy of Fine Arts of Indonesia / ASRI Yogyakarta.
This development was followed by many other universities in Indonesia, both public and private, among others, the University March 11 / UNS Solo, Udayana University, and University of Tarumanegara Trisakti University in Jakarta and Surabaya Institute.
In Bandung, some private universities to follow all these developments, among others, National Institute of Technology / Itenas, College of Arts Indonesia / STISI, College of Design in Indonesia / STDI and of course the University Computer Indonesia / UNIKOM who hold higher education specifically designed with local color; communication technology-based education.
In the early decades of the 1970s in Indonesia began Haidir group of interior designer who trained as the first graduates of education in the country coupled with a number of overseas graduates.
This group usually work informally in the sense of implementing the design plan as a sub part of other disciplines, Architecture or Civil Engineering. This is only possible on the kindness of colleagues from other disciplines who realize that the buildings he designed would be better if the interior was designed by a planner who is also special.
Thus this condition is running at that time.
It was not until approximately ten years later, Interior Design received recognition as an independent profession.
It is characterized by the presence of Interior Design as a profession at the BAPPENAS official who played a part in completing the Government buildings.
PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AND EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
There are three main areas of design professional organization of international fare, ie,
- ICOGRADA / International Council of Graphic Design Associations for Graphic Design or Visual Communication Design.
- ICSID / International Council of Societies of Industrial Design for Product Design, and
- IFI / International Federation Of Interior Architects / Interior Designers
IFI which was formed in 1963 set a four-item organizational goals:
1. Improving the standard of interior design and quality implementation of professional interior designers
2. Increasing the contribution of interior design to people's lives
3. Implement programs related to health, safety and welfare
4. Serving the needs of Interior Designers primarily to promote the field of expertise and target activities
In Indonesia itself had been formed HDII / Interior Desainers Association of Indonesia, is domiciled in Jakarta and is currently HDII has officially become IFI.
Foundation for Interior Design Education Research / Fider and The National Council for Interior Design Qualification / NCIDQ is the two institutions established in the United States and Canada with the purpose of establishing and consolidating a system of accreditation of education and interior design field.
Framework for education programs established by the two institutions were then widely adopted in various countries around the world including Indonesia.
In general, the scope of education set includes 10 categories:
1. Fundamentals of Creative Arts
2. Theory
3. Interior Design
4. Knowledge Engineering
5. Ability to communicate (including the control computer)
6. Professional knowledge
7. History
8. Research Methods
9. Humanities
10. Other Educational Resources.
In Indonesia alone an act set the framework of this field is a consortium of education fields of study that take shelter under the Directorate General of Higher Education.
Although currently the Consortium has been eliminated, but this institution could play a role laid the foundations of higher education of art including Interior Design field.
If the observed policies established by the Consortium in principle no different from what was established by professional organizations in this field.
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